Parenchyma cells in leaves = Mesophyll cells Contain chloroplast and carry out photosynthesis

Collenchyma (flexible) & Sclerenchyma (rigid) for support

Dynamic root growth integral for plant function

Root morphology is super diverse


Roots are a member of the the biotic soil community
Roots supply key nutrients & water to plant


Vascular tissues: Xylem composed of water conducted cells

Vascular tissues: Phloem composed of sugar conducting cells

Primary plant growth through meristems


Cambium produce secondary growth


Annual growth rings

- Plants record what happens on the planet
- Complete cycle of seasons
- record atmospheric conditions
- Agreement on solar storms on a global scale!
- Wang et al. 2017. Nature Communications
Plant form: building the perfect plant…

Sessile plants alter form to make a living

